Bridge World Standard

Bridge World Standard (BWS) is a system based on the majority preferences of approximately 125 leading experts and thousands of Bridge World readers. Its methods were determined by polls: a clear expert preference determined the treatment; close questions were decided by the readers' vote. Because it is a consensus system, BWS is rarely used by regular partnerships. It is, however, very valuable in forming casual partnerships--if both partners know the system, they need discuss only those areas in which individual preferences do not conform to the BWS treatment. BWS is also used as a foundation for voting in the Master Solvers' Club in The Bridge World.

 

Opening Bids and Responses

Minimum balanced hand: good 12.

1 NT: good 15 to bad 18. Jacoby transfers (splinter rebids; game raise is slam try; two diamonds plus two spades forcing only one round); two spades shows minors; three hearts invitational, major two-suiter; Texas transfers; Stayman (two-spade rebid invitational; two-heart rebid weak; minor rebid forcing); Smolen; three of a minor invitational; Gerber.

2 NT: good 20 to bad 22 (small doubleton acceptable). Jacoby transfers; three spades shows minors; Texas transfers; Gerber; High Gerber.

Two clubs artificial, strong: Natural responses (positive response requires good suit); two diamonds neutral; second negative=cheaper minor to three diamonds.

Preempts: Weak two-bids (two notrump, which asks for feature if maximum, and new-suit responses forcing). "Weak gambling" three-bids. New-suit response to game-level opening asking-bid (step responses).

3 NT: gambling (little outside strength); four-diamond response artificial.

Five-card majors in first and second position: one-notrump response forcing; two-over-one promises rebid; limit jump raises (four trumps; cheapest rebid asks shortness); two notrump strong raise (asks shortness); three notrump natural, 16-17; passed-hand responses: one notrump 6-12, two clubs strong raise, three clubs natural.

Responses to minor-suit openings: Single raise strong, 10 pts. up, denies major; jump raise weak; 1 NT 8-10 after one club, 6-10 after one diamond; two notrump natural, game force; up the line may be ignored with moderate hand; two-club response to one diamond promises a rebid.

 

Partnership Bidding

Splinter raises: Double-jump shift after suit opening; single jump in fourth suit if one level above a reverse; single jump in third suit if four level, or reverse; double jump in fourth suit; four of opener's minor after new-suit rebid; jump-shift by two-diamond responder to two clubs; new-suit jump after single major raise; double new-suit jump after 1 NT response.

Slam methods: Roman key-card Blackwood with trump-queen ask; DOPI; five notrump (2 keys) or higher response with void; 5 NT rebid invites seven, asks king cue-bidding. Cheapest-weakest responses to grand-slam force. Gerber after one-notrump or two-notrump opening, or rebid. Picture jumps in forcing situations.

Other methods: Fourth-suit bidding: nonforcing by passed hand unless reverse; one spade may be weak; promises another bid at two level; game force if reverse or at three level. Third-suit bidding: game force if reverse or at three level, otherwise does not promise rebid. Opener's suit-over-suit reverse promises rebid; responder's cheaper of 2 NT and fourth suit neutral. All non-jump-shift secondary jumps by one-over-one responder invitational. Opener's jump rebid to four of original minor is strong raise. Unbid minor forcing and artificial after one-notrump rebid, requests support. Three clubs artificial, may be prelude to signoff, after two-notrump jump by opener. Reraise to three of major preemptive.

 

Competitive Bidding

Negative doubles: After suit opening, through three spades (including opener's suit); after one-notrump opening, at the three level; unlimited; suggests length in unbid major; of one heart shows four spades; of one spade after minor opening shows four or more hearts. Repeat same-suit double by negative doubler for takeout.

Weak jump responses after overcall of minor opening.

Over overcall: jump raise preemptive, cue-bid is at least limit raise, jump cue-bid is splinter.

Over two-suited overcalls: cheapest cue = raise; next cue = unbid suit; unbid suit nonforcing.

Over minor Michaels: unbid suit nonforcing; major suit shows stopper.

Over major Michaels: cue-bid in enemy major is limit raise or better; new suit forcing.

Support doubles and redoubles when raise to two is available, except one club--(pass)--one diamond--(one spade)--double shows hearts.

Over a double of partner's suit bid: new suit forcing at the one level only; jump shift nonforcing; two notrump limit raise or better; double jump in new suit splinter.

Lebensohl after two-level overcalls of one notrump (fast denies stop).

Jump cue-bid by opener is splinter raise.

Pass and pull strong in forcing situation.

 

Defensive Bidding

Michaels cue-bids (in minor: majors; in major: other major plus unspecified minor) in direct and reopening position over suit one-bids and over one-notrump response; weak or quite strong.

Direct jump cue-bid natural over minor, asks stopper over major.

Takeout doubles of preemptive openings through four hearts; otherwise for penalty.

Maximal overcall double of raised suit.

Reopenings: 1 NT, 10-14; 2 NT, 18-19.

In fourth seat over a response: one notrump and cue-bids natural.

After 1 NT overcall: two clubs Stayman; jumps invitational.

Double of free new-suit bid by responder shows fourth suit plus tolerance.

Cappelletti over one notrump (all situations).

Direct two notrump unusual for lower unbid suits; weak or quite strong.

Takeout doubles: may be light with shape; new-suit rebid very strong.

Preemptive jump overcalls and jump raises of overcalls.

Responsive and extended responsive doubles after takeout doubles, at the two level after an overcall, after a preempt.

Mixed-raise advances of overcalls.

Cue-bid by advancer forcing until a suit is bid twice, or game.

Lebensohl after double of weak two-bid, either position by unpassed hand, and following one-notrump overcall.

 

Opening Leads

Against suit contracts: third from even; low from odd.

All other leads old-fashioned.


 

桥牌世界标准制

桥牌世界标准制(Bridge World Standard,简称BWS)是基于大约125名专家及数以千计的《桥牌世界》的读者的主流观点编制而成的。其叫牌方式是通过投票决定的:先给出专家的观点,然后由读者投票决定。毕竟这是一个结合大多数人意见的体系,所以很少被固定搭档所采用。但是,对于那些偶尔在一起打牌的搭档还是很有价值的,毕竟这是个大家都知道的体系,一对搭档只需要讨论一些在本体系中未被定义的部分就可以了。同时,桥牌世界标准制也是《桥牌世界》的“Maser Solvers' Club”栏目中所采用的叫牌体系。

 

开叫及应叫

开叫最低限:平均型,好的12点。

1NT:好的15点至不好的18点。
后续叫牌采用:
斯台曼(Stayman,2C应叫):应叫人再叫2S是邀叫,再叫2H是双高花弱牌,再叫低花是进局逼叫。
杰克贝转移叫(Jacoby Transfer,2D/2H应叫):转移之后,应叫人可使用爆裂叫(Splinter);加叫到局是满贯试探;先作2D要求转移2H,再叫2S是逼叫一轮。
2S应叫表示有低花(即低花斯台曼)。
3H应叫双高花,邀叫。
德克萨斯转移叫(Texas Transfer,4C/4D应叫)。
斯莫伦转移叫(Smolen)。
三阶低花是邀叫。
葛伯问叫(Gerber)。

2NT:好的20点至不好的22点(可有无大牌的双张套)。
后续叫牌采用:
杰克贝转移叫(Jacoby Transfer,3D/3H应叫)。
3S应叫表示有低花(低花斯台曼)。
德克萨斯转移叫(Texas Transfer,4C/4D应叫)。
葛伯问叫(Gerber)。
超级葛伯问叫(High Gerber)。

2C:约定性开叫,表示强牌。
后续叫牌采用:
自然的示强应叫,但花色应叫应有好套。
2D中性应叫。
二次示弱用最便宜的低花。

阻击叫:
弱二开叫:2NT应叫是约定性的,开叫人如果是高限,则叫出旁门的特征;新花色应叫是逼叫。
弱赌博性的三阶开叫:应叫人在成局水平叫出新花是问该花色控制。

3NT:赌博性开叫,旁门基本无大牌。
后续叫牌采用:
4D应叫的约定性。

一阶高花开叫:第一、二开叫至少5张。
后续叫牌采用:
逼叫性1NT应叫。
二盖一保证再叫一轮。
限制性的三阶跳加叫:保证4张支持,开叫人叫出最便宜花色是问应叫人短套。
2NT是强加叫,问开叫人短套。
3NT是自然的,16-17点。
已Pass的一家应叫1NT是6-12点,2C应叫是德鲁利(Drury),3C应叫是自然的。

一阶低花开叫
后续叫牌采用:
低花反加叫:加一副是强牌,至少10点,无高花;跳加叫是弱牌。
对1C开叫应叫1NT是8-10点,对1D开叫应叫1NT是6-10点。
2NT应叫是自然的,进局逼叫。
直接跳应叫到局一般是止叫。
二盖一(即对1D开叫的2C应叫)保证再叫一轮。

 

其它约定:

爆裂叫(Splinter):以下都是爆裂叫:
在花色套开叫后应叫人直接双跳新花;
在开叫人逆叫后如果第四花色正好比逆叫花色高一级,则单跳第四花色;
在四阶水平单跳第三花色;
在逆叫后单跳第三花色;
双跳第四花色;
开叫人开叫一阶低花,再叫新花后,应叫人跳叫到四阶开叫人的低花;
对2C开叫,作2D应叫的应叫人再次跳叫新花;
一阶高花开叫被简单加叫后,开叫人跳叫新花;
应叫人对1NT开叫做出应叫后再次跳叫新花。

满贯叫牌:
罗马关键张勃莱克伍德问叫(Roman Key-card Blackwood,RKCB):应叫人如果叫出5NT或者更高级别的答叫表示有2个关键张,并有缺门;在答叫后,问叫人再叫5NT是要求答叫人叫出有K的花色;如果对方干扰,采用DOPI方式。
大满贯逼叫:最弱的答叫是最便宜的答叫。
在1NT、2NT开叫,或者自然的1NT、2NT叫牌后采用葛伯(Gerber)问叫。
在逼叫情况下,采用描述性跳叫(Picture Jump),如1H-2C-3C-4H就是描述性跳叫,表明自己的C是好套,其他花色没有第一轮或第二轮控制,大约是这样的牌:S-Qx,H-Kxxx,D-xx,C-AKJxx。

其它:
第四花色叫牌:1S可能是弱牌(1C-1D-1H-1S),在二阶的第四花色叫牌保证再叫一轮,在开叫人逆叫后或者在三阶叫出第四花色是进局逼叫。Pass的一家如果作第四花色叫牌,除非开叫人逆叫,否则是不逼叫的。
第三花色叫牌:在逆叫后后或者在三阶水平是进局逼叫,其他情况下不保证再叫。
应叫人花色应叫后,开叫人的的逆叫保证再叫一轮。
开叫再叫时跳叫自己开叫低花到四阶是对应叫人花色的强加叫。
在开叫人的1NT再叫后采用新低花逼叫,询问开叫人对应叫花色的支持。
在开叫人跳再叫2NT后,应叫人叫3C是沃尔夫止叫信号(Wollf Signoff)。
在一阶高花开叫,应叫人简单加叫后,开叫人再加一副是阻击性的(如:1H-2H-3H)。

 

竞争性叫牌

负加倍(Negative doubles):在花色开叫后到3S水平(包括开叫的花色);在1NT开叫后,到三阶水平。牌力无上限。在对方1H争叫作负加倍表示S有且只有4张;在对方1S睁叫,表示H至少有4张。对同一花色重复作加倍还是技术性。

在低花开叫,对方争叫后,采用弱跳应叫。

在争叫后,跳加叫是阻击性的,扣叫表示至少是限制性加叫,跳扣叫是爆裂叫(Splinter)。

对于对方表示双套牌的争叫,扣叫最便宜的一个对方的长套是表示至少有限制性加叫实力,对另门对方长套的扣叫表示在未叫花色中有长套,且是逼叫,而直接叫出未叫花色是不逼叫的。

如果对方对同伴的一阶低花作迈克尔斯扣叫(Michaels),则叫出未叫花色是逼叫,扣叫对方高花是显示止张。

如果对方对同伴的一阶高花作迈克尔斯扣叫(Michaels),则扣叫对方的另一门高花是表示至少有限制性加叫实力,叫出新花是逼叫。

当可以在二阶加叫同伴花色时,采用支持性加倍(Support Double)和支持性再加倍(Support Redouble)。但在这样的叫牌进程中:1C-(Pass)-1D-(1S)-X,这个加倍是表示有H套。

在对方对同伴一阶花色开叫作加倍后,一阶应叫新花是逼叫;跳应叫新花不逼叫;跳应叫2NT是乔丹2NT(Jordan 2NT),表示对同伴花色至少有限制性加叫实力;双跳新花是爆裂叫(Splinter)。

同伴1NT开叫后,对方二阶争叫时,采用莱本索尔(lebensohl)。在此之后,开叫人的跳扣叫是爆裂叫(Splinter);

 

防守叫牌

迈克尔斯扣叫(Michaels Cue-bid):如果对方开叫一阶花色,你直接扣叫或者在平衡位置扣叫,以及对方同伴应叫1NT后口叫都是。如果是扣叫低花,表示有双高套;如果是扣叫高花,表示有另一门高花和一门低花。非强即弱的牌力。

直接跳扣叫低花是自然的,跳扣叫高花是问同伴止张。

技术性加倍(Takeout Double):最高到4H水平,超过该水平就是惩罚性的。作加倍时可能依靠牌型而降低对牌点要求,但加倍人再叫出新花表示很强的牌。

在加叫后采用高限争叫性加倍(Maximal Overcall Double)。

平衡叫牌的1NT表示10-14点,2NT表示18-19点。

在第四加位置,对方已经作过应叫,1NT争叫和扣叫是自然的。

1NT争叫后,2C是斯台曼(Stayman),跳应叫是邀请性的。

在对方花色开叫,在同伴花色争叫,对方同伴自由应叫新花时,采用第四花色套加倍,表示在未叫的第四花色中有长套,对同伴的花色略有支持。

对1NT争叫在所有位置采用卡皮莱蒂约定(Cappelletti)。

直接争叫2NT是不寻常2NT(Unusual 2NT)。

跳争叫和对同伴的争叫作跳加叫是阻击性的。

在同伴作技术性加倍后,采用应叫性加倍(Responsive Double)和扩展的应叫性加倍。比如:(1S)-X-(2S)-X,这是应叫性加倍;(1S)-2D-(2S)-X,这是扩展的应叫性加倍。此约定用于同伴技术性加倍后;同伴争叫,且目前叫牌在二阶水平;或者在对方阻击之后。

在争叫后采用混合加叫(Mixed Raise)。

同伴对对方弱二开叫作技术性加倍后,采用莱本索尔(lebensohl)。

 

首攻:

对花色定约,偶数张套出第三张,奇数张套出最小一张。
其它按传统方式。

 


重要说明:本站资料大多从网上搜集得来,旨在为桥牌爱好者们提供学习交流的方便,部分内容经过重新编排整理,若有侵权,请及时告知,此致敬礼!
粤ICP备05073487号
  © 2008 www.13p.net   E-mail:[email protected]   Since 2000-09-01